Informatics Publishing Limited

Himanshu Joshi ¹, Arun B. Joshi ¹, Hemlata Sati ², M. P. Gururaja ¹, Prajwal R. Shetty ¹, E. V. S. Subrahmanyam ¹, D. Satyanaryana ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Pharma. Chem., NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer, Deralakatte, Mangalore –574160, IN
2 Department of Pharmacy, H.N.B Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttaranchal, IN

Abstract

The n-hexane extract of the ischolar_mains of Memecylon umbellatum yielded, octocosonoic acid, cerotic acid, ethyl palmitate, palmitic acid and butyric acid. The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was based on spectral data (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopy).

Keywords

Memecylon umbellatum, N-Hexane Extract, Roots, Fatty Acids.

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Prince Thomas ¹, M. P. Gururaja ¹, Himanshu Joshi ¹, K. Prasannashama ¹, Ullas D’Souza ¹, Nimmy Chacko ¹, K. C. Bharath Raj ¹, K. S. Rajesh ¹

Affiliations
1 NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, IN

Abstract

Nephrotoxicity is a common event, which can cause significant morbidity and can be easily overlooked. Gentamycin is an antimicrobial agent which can cause nephrotoxicity on prolonged use. A large number of herbs have traditionally been used to treat drug or toxin-induced renal diseases. The present study was a similar attempt in that direction to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Eclipta alba against gentamycin induced nephrotoxicity. The animals were divided into five groups (n=6) consisting of normal control, toxic control and three test groups which received different doses of the extract (100,200 & 400mg/kg, p.o). Nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba was evaluated by assessing the blood parameters and histopathological studies of kidney. Elevated levels of serum urea, serum creatinine, total protein and uric acid have been significantly reduced in dose depending manner by oral administration of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Eclipta alba. These observations were supported by histopathological studies.

Keywords

Eclipta alba, Gentamycin, Nephrotoxicity, Nephroprotection.

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Mohammed Shabil ¹, V. Rajesh ², K. C. Bharath Raj ¹, K. S. Rajesh ¹, K. Prasanna Shama ³, M. P. Gururaja ³, Himanshu Joshi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru - 575018 Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru - 575018 Karnataka,, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru - 575018 Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious airborne, chronic granulomatous bacterial disease which requires a prolonged treatment to get a complete cure and prevent death, relapse, resistance to drugs and spreading it to the community. Present study was focused on treatment defaulters among tuberculosis patients receiving dots therapy. A prospective observational study was carried out in the in-patient and outpatient department of pulmonary medicine and other departments with dots referral in a hospital setting for a period of eight months from September 2017- April 2018. During the study period all the patients who was administered with dots therapy for the treatment of tuberculosis were enrolled as per the study criteria. All the patients were interviewed to know there treatment status and also monitored there ADR to check compliance with dots therapy. All the datas were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Out of 90 patients, 21 patients interrupted the treatment, of which 12 were defaulters. The overall percentage of the default to the treatment was 13.3%. The case fatality rate was 4.4%. The mean age of defaulting was found to be 53.3 years and the highest percentage were in the age group 50-65years. Male patients, rural domicile, patients pursuing primary education, pulmonary TB patients were high among the defaulters. Distance (58.3%) transportation (25%), staying alone (16.7%), workload (25%) were the general problems felt by the defaulters. 41.7% were dissatisfied with the behavior of dots provider and 50% of them did not have family support. Patients interrupted treatment in there early phases (41.7% in intensive phase and 58% in early continuous phase). The reasons to default were feeling of wellbeing after the treatment (41.7%), side effects (25.0%). Migration, non-availability of medicines, affording transport charges, medical issues were the other reasons (8.3%). Out of 90 patients, 17 (18.9%) patients came out with a total of 24 ADRs. From this only 2 patients had defaulted from the treatment due to intolerance from the medicational Side effects. ADR monitoring improved the knowledge (from 4.9 to 8.2) and treatment (1.2 to 2.5) of the patient in the current study. From the study we came to conclude that Defaulting was seen mainly due to unawareness, carelessness, disbelief of the treatment method. This can be enhanced by patient education, interviewing them periodically, Monitoring the treatment condition and side effects. So the Clinical pharmacists is responsible in promoting the dots therapy to improve the patients adherence towards it, there by achieving a well treatment outcome.

Keywords

Tuberculosis, DOTS Therapy, Default, ADR Monitoring.

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N. M. Rayees ¹, Sampath Kumar ², K. C. Bharath Raj ¹, K. S. Rajesh ¹, Juno J. Joel ¹, K. Prasanna Shama ³, M. P. Gururaja ³, U. P. Nandakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN
2 Department of General Medicine, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru- 575018 Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Present study was carried out to estimate the incidence of ADRs reported in general medicine department, to evaluate the causality, severity and preventability of ADRs caused by any drugs. A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 8 months. Patients admitted during the study period were included as per the study criteria and monitored for ADRs. The clinical system, spectrum of ADRs noted and assessment of ADRs was done by causality, preventability and severity. The different scales are applied for assessment of causality, severity and preventability. Data was analysed by using descriptive statistics. A total number of 270 patients were included. 55 ADRs were observed in 52 patients. Higher incidence of suspected ADRs were exhibited with the age group of 61-70 years. The hospital stay extended for more than nine days in 32 (61.5%) patients who experienced ADR. The causality assessment by WHO Probability Scale, showed that out of 55 ADRs, majority were probable 38 (69.09%), whereas 11 (22%) reactions were possible and 6 (10.91%) reactions were certain. Based on Naranjo’s scale, 29 (52.73%) reactions were probable and 26 (47.27%) reactions were possible. Majority of 29 (53%) reactions were moderate in severity. Proper monitoring of adverse reactions is useful to minimize the incidence of ADRs and prevent further occurrence of the same. The regular monitoring of ADRs can reduce the morbidity and can improve the patients compliance which in turn can produce better therapeutic outcome.

Keywords

Adverse Drug Reaction, Causality, Severity, Preventability, Naranjo’s Scale.

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